By Glen Retief
Women Surrounded by Water by Patricia Coral
It is no criticism of Woman Surrounded by Water to say that this exquisitely lyric memoir, with its remarkable range of narrative forms, contains few plot surprises. Put simply, water and men represent danger, while art, books, food, and female ancestors all seem to provide solace. These themes play across the memoir’s three major sections, land, shore, and ocean, like subtly pleasing musical motifs.
“I was raised to fear the water,” writes Coral in the first sentence, and although she is talking about the ocean rather than rainwater, by the end of Women, the narrator will see, in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, “La Plata dam overflowing. . . the street that goes to my parents’ house turned into a river. Currents of brown water drowning my parents’ neighborhood.”
Similarly, in one of the earliest chapters, “Marriage Addictions 1,” readers are told in the third paragraph that “I don’t have a picture of your forehead cut open”—a reference to a later scene where the narrator sees her husband strung out on drugs, with “red blood running through your nose. . . like a river flowing into the sea.” On an otherwise exhilarating first trip together, a newly-married, youthful Coral “asked you to stop ordering so many drinks at the bar”—thus signaling the nature of at least one of the addictions that will ultimately break this marriage.
As a child, Coral learned that for women, “If you didn’t have a man who loved you, who could prove you were loveable, you were incomplete.” In this respect, women are, we later learn like “the motherland,” who has “never been free.” “I was raised,” Coral tells us in an echo of the opening line, “to fear being left or abandoned.” She might well be talking about husbands. Yet she pivots immediately from gender to nation, from colonized bodies to colonized islands. “`Any day now the USA could tire of us and leave us to our own luck,’ they always told us.” And then, even more explicitly, “You are a woman, and you are an island.”
The trope of self-as-postcolonial-nation is, of course, well-trodden. There is the Buendía clan, representing a hundred years of solitary Colombian history; Saleem Sinai, born at the exact moment of India’s independence, and thereby “handcuffed to history.” In nonfiction, to name just a few, we have Orwell’s elephant representing the British Empire and Baldwin imagining God has marked his father’s death with a Harlem race riot.
What is freshly powerful here, though, is the potent and direct invocation of woman as a tiny, dependent commonwealth, and the innovative riffing Coral does with this metaphor. Thus, we have both marital storms and meteorological ones, both spousal and government abandonments. Of the handful of original poems she includes in the memoir, one of the most poignant, “ruta panorámica,” is about the latter, the “blue tarps of FEMA” which “Never get here/In time.”
Such profound and intersecting forms of powerlessness might be expected to lead to outrage. However, rather than anger, a tone of tender melancholy permeates Women Surrounded by Water. At times Coral’s calmness is deeply moving, as when she comments on a picture of her great-grandmother: “I wonder if this photo was taken before or after your husband hit you.”
At other times, Coral reports former rage and grief in a matter-of-fact register that almost plays as surreal understatement. After describing attending the funeral of a nineteen-year-old drug dealer shot seven times, she states, addressing her husband, “I was angry at [the dealer] for selling drugs to people like you and at you for buying them. I was sad there was nothing I could do to save [him]. To save you.” Suffice it to say, here, that many spouses would be too enraged to even attend the funeral of a criminal who helped sustain their life partner’s addictions, let alone feel regret over not being able to save him.
Roughly speaking, the first act of the narrative here is the story of the author’s unhappy marriage. The second is the tale of fleeing Puerto Rico after her divorce, and making a diasporic life for herself in Houston, one which culminates, first, in the agony of not knowing for days whether her family is still alive during Hurricane Maria, and then in the relative solace of offering her house as a refuge for migrants fleeing the chaos. The final act is a kind of denouement, where the narrator rescues her medical resident brother from a severe case of PTSD-induced isolation in his apartment, brought on, it seems, chiefly by the horrors he saw volunteering in the island’s post-Maria hospitals.
Close to the end of the memoir, a prose poem entitled “the one who learns to swim in the ocean” focuses on wholeness: “And I stick myself together. Each time a little faster.” Here, although literally, of course, Patricia Coral has not returned to live in Puerto Rico—she resides in Washington, DC and, though bilingual, chose to publish her memoir in English—it is as if she has overcome her childhood warnings about sea currents, which were also admonitions about husbands and colonizers. The dangers are not gone, but Coral has learned that she is “a daughter of the ocean” where sea creatures call her name—the name which is also that of “[c]orals [that] can live on their own but are primarily associated with the communities they construct.”
One such community Coral builds appears to be that of the Puerto Rican diaspora. Another is literary, as evidenced by the book’s generous and lengthy acknowledgements. A third is Coral’s female ancestors, who loom, at the end of the memoir, much less as foci of the narrator’s curiosity and more as muses or companions.
“Abuela, I am your ink and pen,” she writes, underneath what seems, from the clothing and furniture, to be a picture of her grandmother, and labelled somewhat confusingly, although also in an act of homage, “author’s pic.” Coral continues, “Sentences that you left unsaid… I take the voice that drowned in your throat and write you.” Here, as a South African American, I am reminded of the well-known isiZulu concept from my own childhood, ubuntu. This means, more or less, “I exist because you exist,” a more radical formulation of “No man is an island.” Abuela is an author here because Patricia is an author, and questions about whether an author’s pic needs to be of the person who literally typed the words into the computer, or the person whose spirit and example inspired the project—well, such concerns seem, in the light of all the weighty issues this memoir so brilliantly dramatizes, ultimately ephemeral.
Poetic, intelligent, formally and culturally hybrid, and emotionally powerful, Women Surrounded by Water offers an important meditation on gender, family, imperialism, and natural disasters, amplified by factors like anthropogenic climate change and official indifference. It also introduces into the creative nonfiction genre an eloquent, sensitive, and talented new voice.
Glen Retief’s memoir, The Jack Bank (SMP, 2011) won a Lambda Literary Award and was selected as a Book of 2011 by the Africa Book Club. Retief’s essays and short stories have appeared in numerous publications and journals, including Virginia Quarterly Review, Michigan Quarterly Review, Kenyon Review, and Yale Review. He writes an occasional column of creative nonfiction for the South African Daily Maverick newspaper.
Retief is an associate professor of creative nonfiction at Susquehanna University. From 2001 to 2002, he served as a Fulbright Scholar in Mamelodi, South Africa, where he helped develop a creative writing-based curriculum to build academic skills and motivation for underprivileged high school students.