By Heidi Czerwiec
Without Terminus: Untraining an Archive by Chaun Webster
Trains are linear. And while Without Terminus is written in lyric prose lines, it is nonlinear—a hybrid book-length work of lyric nonfiction, memoir, autocriticism, and visual poetics. Ostensibly, Chaun Webster’s collection is “about” his grandfather Reginald, who worked for years as a porter on a Pullman sleeper car, laboring while others rested, laid to rest mere months after he retired, tired, without ever receiving his pension, which was denied his widow. And yet Reginald is but one embarkation point—a hub for an exploration of the history of trains, of transport, of Black enslavement and Black labor—as history itself is nonlinear. Webster’s train of thought spirals backward and forward in time and space, transporting us through photos and records real and imagined, literature, expanding into a dream-time of meetings, and narrowing into the dissection of sentences that parse in branching fractals or reiterate into palimpsestic non-sense, as in one page-spread where Webster takes the clause “ST. PAUL MAKES YOU WONDER ABOUT THE DRAW TO NAME CITIES AFTER SAINTS OF MEN” in large print across the facing pages, then responds to syntactical chunks below the clause so that in one place “St. Paul makes you wonder” derails into “how time / spills from / the body / collides / with it,” while “To name” lists family members “Jerry & / Reginald & / Regina— / to name / a collision / happening / over and / over and / over and,” before those names get printed and overprinted until they are a no-longer-legible blur of black ink.
Also like history, this collection is full of spaces, full of white space, full of White spaces, as both trains and the troubled archives of history are White spaces full of white spaces. The spaces or punctuations that create pause. The interior spaces of the Pullman sleeper cars and the space created by that sleep, while Webster’s grandfather worked as a porter without pause. The spaces of what’s missing or neglected or erased from the official archive of railroad and government documents, libraries, memory. The spaces of overdeveloped photographs drained of color. Even the way the text of the book is printed: Blocks of text vertically centered in a white page, calling attention to the White spaces in which the Black language is situated. In one section, prompted by family “photographs taken or lost by robbery or a succession of moves,” Webster attempts “to describe what is not there” through a sequence of frames of empty space with text beneath them imagining each missing picture: “revisited abduction. requisite absence. choreography of death. mortuary grammar. it is swallowed years. it is always disappearance. the here gone and the gone gone…. it is a collection of absences, somewhere between arrival and without terminus.” The effect of this sequence and its implications—not even really implications, because Webster says the thing—is awful, in the old sense: amazing and terrifying. The possibilities of a “mortuary grammar” that attempts to restore those who are “gone gone” make for a powerful poetics.
And that Black language. A dialogue of many sources, as if inviting more voices to inhabit space, to be on the record where so many voices have been omitted. Webster engages with Black writers and thinkers, quoting and citing them, as if to reiterate and reestablish what has been an unstable and incomplete archive, showing his work, a different kind of labor: “i return frequently to the threshing floor scene of James Baldwin’s Go Tell It on the Mountain;” “Renee Gladman has been rewiring how I think about prose;” “Caroline Kent…paints toward a representation of language free from lexical and syntactic limits.” Language transports us along this train of thought, talking us through the various portals that –port presents, especially Reginald’s labor as a porter and all the weight he bore and how he comported himself, a Black bending to space. And the iterations and permutations of that language that at times become an overprinted Black presence on the page; yet, at other times, despite all the permutations, language cannot escape the space of Black labor, as in this powerful excerpt, which begins with the factual sentence, “a black rail worker was born in 1913, served as a porter for the Northern Railroad for twenty-five years, and then retired; he died some time later,” and then reinscribes those words, taking up all the space in one page crowded with text: “a black worker was born a porter for the railroad and retirement was later, later. a black worker died, he retired later. for twenty-five years, a rail worker died for the Great Northern Railroad. retirement was always after. a black serves and rails and dies on the road some time later he is born a porter. a black was born a railroad, was born dying….”
By resisting grammar and terminal punctuation/ends, Webster’s sentences resist this train-like linearity, subverting them—at one point near the end of the collection, pushing words underground, text beneath a line like those separating footnotes, like an underground railroad, resisting how Black bodies are sentenced to labor: “fuck a train. i’ll walk to where i’m heading next.” Yet Webster also makes space for Black language that transcends in the “glossolalia…like when you would speak in tongues as a child, your black pentecostal breath an open mouth of cacophonous speech, your tongue a train car you permit the ghost to ride. do not say spirit, say ghost; more wail in ghost, more babble, more disorder from the protocols of language,” noting that “the black historical is already the hauntological: to be black in the world is to be a haunting.”
As I was reading Webster’s collection, I was simultaneously teaching West: A Translation, by Paisley Rekdal who, though originally commissioned, as Utah’s Poet Laureate, to mark the 150th anniversary of the joining of the transcontinental railroad at Golden Spike in Utah, took the opportunity to interrogate the entire project of uniting the country via capitalism after the Civil War, via the erased labor of Chinese immigrants and the formerly enslaved. Considering the two books against each other is a fascinating exercise: both use trains as a way to interrogate history and the incomplete archive, and both illustrate how the comportment of non-White bodies to the work of transportation has implications whose echoes spread into the past and the present. And both authors mix multiple modes and genres to represent the in-between spaces their projects inhabit. Yet each collection focuses on a different part of “transport”: Rekdal, on trans– and its connection to translation and echo of “trains” for the railway as an intersection of cultures, and Webster on –port and its focus on the labor of carrying—the luggage, the self, the weight of history.
Like Rekdal, Webster uses multiple modalities to approach a book-length hybrid project, but uses techniques that derail the very idea of text itself, in ways I am still parsing. What I find most compelling about this collection is how he has laid new tracks in my mind.
Essayist and poet Heidi Czerwiec is the author of Crafting the Lyric Essay: Strike a Chord, the lyric essay collection Fluid States (selected by Dinty W. Moore as winner of Pleiades Press’ 2018 Robert C. Jones Prize for Short Prose), and the poetry collection Conjoining, and is the co-editor of The Rose Metal Press Field Guide to Writing the Lyric Essay and editor of North Dakota Is Everywhere: An Anthology of Contemporary North Dakota Poets. She writes and teaches in Minneapolis, where she is an Editor for Assay: A Journal of Nonfiction Studies. Visit her at heidiczerwiec.com.












































































































































